What must a driver do after any speeding conviction?

The requirement for a driver after any speeding conviction is to retake the learner's permit exam. This process is in place to ensure that drivers are fully aware of traffic laws and regulations, particularly regarding speed limits and safe driving practices. When a driver receives a speeding conviction, it indicates a violation of these important laws, which poses a potential risk not only to the driver but also to others on the road. By retaking the learner's permit exam, the driver demonstrates an understanding of traffic safety and is given another opportunity to prove their commitment to safe driving.

The other options, such as completing a defensive driving course, paying a fine, or taking a driving test, may be applicable to different scenarios or violations but are not the specific requirement following a speeding conviction under Massachusetts regulations for junior operators.